Harf Al Jar Examples, Meanings With Explanation

In Arabic Languages, prepositions are called al-Huruf al-Jaarah (الحروف الجارة). They are also called al-Huruf al-Jarr (الحروف الجر). These are the words that change the last vowel of the noun next to them to jarr (or kasrah). 

However, there are some exceptions in nouns that can never have jarr at their last consonant, e.g. Ibrahim, Ayesha etc.

If a noun is proceeded by a preposition HARF JARR it occurs in the genetive case. Here are harf al jar examples with their meanings.

Harf Al Jar Examples

Some of the examples of harf Al Jar are:

الطّائر على الغُصنِ.	The bird is on the branch.
فاطمة ذاهبةٌ إلى السوقِ.	Fatima is going to the market.
المكتب من الخَشبِ	The desk is made of wood.
السيارة لزيدٍ	The car belongs to Zaid.
الطالب في الفصلِ	The student is in the class.
عائشة كالقمرِ	Aisha is like the moon.
القصة عن الأميرةِ	The story is about the princess.
كتبت بالقلمِ	I wrote with the pen.

The above mentioned sentences contain the following prepositions. These particles precede a noun and take it in the genitive case. You have observed in the above-mentioned sentences that the noun following prepositions are all vowelled with KASRA. 

Their declension may be expressed thus: Majroor bil kasra.

In sentence 1, the noun gusuni is in the genitive case because it is preceded by preposition. The sign denoting the genitive case of this noun كَسرة because it is singular.

Harf Al Jar Examples and meanings

All in all, there are seventeen prepositions, but, for the present, the following will suffice:

1. On or above على

زيدٌ حالسٌ عَلى الأرضِ	Zaid is sitting on the ground
الكُتبُ على الرّفِّ	The books are on the shelf.

2. Towards, at, to, till إلى

غسلتُ اليدُ الى المرفقِ	I washed the arm till the elbow.
زيد ناظر إلى السماءِ	Zaid is looking at the sky.

3. From, of, since, than etc. مِنْ

سليمٌ راجعٌ من القريةِ	Saleem is returning from the village.
البرتقال من الفواكهِ	The orange is among (the) fruits.
الصندقُ من الحديدِ	The box is made of iron.
خالد أكبرُ من سليمِ	Khalid is bigger Saleem.
القطةُ أصغر من الكلبِ	The cat is smaller than the dog.

4. For, belonging to لِ (اللام)

Generally, this (اللام) laam is used for denoting possession or any kind of association or connection.

الحمد لِلهِ	All praise is for Allah.
قلت لزيدٍ	I said in Zaid.
الفرس لخالدٍ	The horse belong to Khalid.

5. In في

الولد في الغرفةِ	The boy is in the room.
الأقلام في الدرجِ	The pens are in the drawer.

6. For resemblance ك (الكاف)

This is known as the kaaf of comparison الكاف التشبيه

الطاعم الشاكر كالصائمِ الصبر	The thankful eater is like one patient faster.
زيد كالأسدِ	Zaid is like a lion.

7. From, about. عن

سألت عن المعلم	I asked about the teacher.
المسجد بعيد عن البيت	The mosque is far from the house.

8. In, with, at, on etc. بِ (الباء)

بسمِ الله الرحمن الرحيم	In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
أكلت بالملعقةِ	I ate with the spoon.

The Dual in the Genitive Form 

Examples

الكتب لطالبينِ	The books belong to the two (male) students.
زيد وسليم كالخوينِ	Zaid and Saleem or like two brothers.
الطفلان نائمان على السريرينِ	The two children are sleeping on the two beds.
الرجال يسافرون إلى القريتينِ	The men are travelling to the two villages.
الأولاد في الغرفتينِ	The children are in the two moms.
بحثت عن الطفلينِ	I searched for the two children.

Explanatory Note

You have learnt that the noun following a preposition is majroor (in the genitive case). In a singular noun, the genitive is indicated by the kasra, while in the dual it is indicated by Ya. (The ALIF of the dual changes to YA). 

In the first example, majroor is dalibaini because it is preceded by the preposition LA. The genitive is indicated by YA since the noun is dual. Its declension will be mgnessed as: MUSANNA MAJROOR BIL YAA.

Learn more in the below video

The Sound Masculine Plural and its Genitive Indication 

Examples

خالد من الصالحينَ	Khalid is among the righteous.
السلام على المرسلينَ	Peace be upon the prophets.
البيوت لمعلمينَ	The houses belong to the teachers.
الطاعمون الشاكرون كالصائمين الصابرينَ	The thankful eaters are like the patient fasters.
لا خير في المبتدعينَ	There is no good in the innovators.
ذهبت إلى المُفتينَ	I went to the legal scholars.

Explanatory Note

The genitive in the sound masculine plund is indicated YA. In sentence SALIHEENA is in the genitive form because it is preceded by the preposition MIN.

The indication of the genitive case of the sound masculine plural is YA. The letter preceding YA is vowelled by KASRA and its declension will be expressed as: JAM’U MUZZAKARIN SALIMUN MAJROORUN BIL YAA.

The Sound Feminine Plural and its Genitive Indication 

The sound feminine plural occurs in the genitive foam like any singular noun i.e. with KASRA. 

Examples

البراقع للبنتاتِ	The veils are for the girls.
عائشة من الصالحاتِ	Ayesha is among the righteous.
سألت عن الطالباتِ	I asked about the students.

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